TMP Universal Journal of Research and Review Archives

IDENTIFYING THE PRIORITIES OF OPEN INNOVATION STRATEGIES THROUGH THE DUAL CYCLE STRATEGY APPROACH IN CHINA'S NEW ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN LINE WITH THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES OF THE COUNTRY'S INDUSTRIES

Mostafa Malekitehrani — 2025-04-15

All the activities and measures related to the discovery of opportunities and the establishment of organizations for using these opportunities are of special importance. This study reviews the literature on the innovation system and emphasizes different theories, frameworks, and models regarding the innovation system. In addition, it focuses on Henry Chesbrough's theory about the open innovation approach. This study attempts to explain all these theories for determining the evolution of open innovation theories. Therefore, this study aims to determine the concept of open innovation and its types of strategies, as well as the priority of using open innovation strategies with a dual cycle strategy approach in China's new economic diplomacy in line with entrepreneurship opportunities. The statistical population of the study includes 70 managers, researchers, and experts working in innovative companies. After determining Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the questionnaires were sent to the entire statistical population and 60 final questionnaires were used in the analysis. Friedman's test was used to prioritize open innovation strategies. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Sub-hypotheses using other experts based on Friedman's test were prioritized. Cronbach's alpha of all the constructs was higher than 0.7, the validity and reliability of the constructs were confirmed, and the significance level of less than 0.5 was accepted. According to the Friedman test, the prioritization of the constructs includes: 1) using academic research, 2) finding the weak points of the companies' business, 3) strengthening internal research and development with external knowledge and experience, 4) drawing an innovation roadmap, 5 promotion of new business, 6) monitoring innovation developments at the national and global level, 7) studying external technologies using external experts, 8) finding the best business model for internal innovation, 9) exploiting of the government's support policy (legal-financial) of open innovation, 10) strategic partnerships with other capable companies to strengthen the innovation process. The order of priority of effective strategies with their coefficients for improving the business situation and the existing situation for constructs is as follows 1) using academic research, 2) finding the weak points of the companies' business, 3) strengthening internal research and development with external knowledge and experience, 4) drawing an innovation roadmap, 5) promotion of new business.

IMPACT OF IMPRISONMENT AND FLOGGING ON DELINQUENT TEENAGE GIRLS

Dorsa Ranaei — 2025-04-15

The rights of children and adolescents occupy an important and delicate role within legal systems. In the last ten years, juvenile crime has risen, leading to significant criticism of the punishments imposed on young offenders. A majority of this criticism targets imprisonment and flogging, as the Islamic Penal Code often sentences juveniles to confinement in correctional centers or flogging to help them grasp the severity of their behavior. With societal progress and greater access to technology, it can be argued that most adolescents, especially those over 12, are capable of understanding the seriousness of their actions. Among adolescents, teenage girls demand more attention when subjected to punishments due to their distinct psychological, emotional, and social traits. On the one hand, this group tends to be more emotionally vulnerable than boys, and inappropriate punishments can lead to more profound psychological consequences. Additionally, it is crucial to recognize that many delinquents’ teenage girls may be victims of social or familial issues, such as poverty, violence, or insufficient emotional support. Consequently, the social and cultural roles of girls in both families and society require that their punishments be designed to minimize harm and have the least possible social consequences for them. This research investigates the effects of imprisonment and flogging on delinquent teenage girls within Iran's criminal justice system. It aims to analyze how these punishments influence their future careers, social standing, education, and family circumstances. In doing so, the study examines imprisonment and flogging as traditional punitive measures and assesses their consequences. While many international laws and doctrinal views consider the application of such punishments inappropriate, it cannot be overlooked that, in specific instances, sentences involving imprisonment or flogging may be regarded as necessary for religious or rational reasons. The study seeks to determine which of these punishments, if required, has a less harmful impact on individuals, especially delinquent teenage girls, and which poses fewer risks to their future well-being.

SEASONAL IDENTIFICATION OF MACROBENTHOS IN THE JAJROOD RIVER

Maria Zamani Alaei — 2025-04-15

The present study aimed to identify seasonal macrobenthos abundance in the Jajrood River. The diversity of macrobenthos in the Jajrood River was identified and studied at five stations in the autumn and winter of 2014 and spring and summer of 2015. The geographical location of each station was determined by GPS. Samples were collected and examined seasonally. Five orders, 15 families, 17 genera, and 19 species of macrobenthos were identified in the study conducted in the Jajrood River. The highest and the lowest frequencies belonged to Insecta and Crustaceae with 72% and 0.2% of the total frequency, respectively, among the five orders identified in the Jajrood River. Among the identified species, Chironomus sp. and Tipula sp. with total frequencies of 865 and 3 per square meter, respectively, presented the highest and the lowest abundances. The density of macrobenthos fluctuated in the autumn and winter with maximum and minimum densities of 1073 and 801 per square meter, respectively. The families identified in this sampling belonged to the orders Insecta (9), Gastropoda (2), Malacostraca (1), Cructaceae (1), and Oligochaeta (2).

THE IMPORTANCE OF MODERN FINANCING ON CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

Zohreh Behzadnia — 2025-04-15

With regard to economic theories, financial innovation and also diversification of the country's financial markets lead to more appropriate allocation of resources and finally faster economic growth. This paper aimed to investigate the relationship between financial innovations on the financial performance of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population included all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2011 to 2018. The statistical sample consisted of companies that have used sukuk securities to finance themselves. The research findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the issuance of sukuk securities and equity returns. Furthermore, the result indicated that there was no significant relationship between sukuk variable and return on assets.

A NOVEL COMMUNICATION-INFRASTRUCTURE-BASED DYNAMIC ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR NETWORK-ON-CHIP TO IMPROVE LOCAL AND GLOBAL CONGESTION AWARENESS

Mohammad Khalaji — 2025-04-15

Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures integrate all essential components of a computing system onto a single chip, enabling efficient communication among various processing units. These architectures typically encompass processors, memory modules, and input/output interfaces, facilitating seamless interaction among heterogeneous components. NoCs can incorporate a diverse range of functional units, including central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and other peripheral modules, thereby enhancing system scalability and performance. The efficiency of data transmission in NoCs heavily depends on routing algorithms, which play a crucial role in managing communication latency, congestion, and overall network reliability. Routing algorithms play a fundamental role in managing data flow across various components within a Network-on-Chip (NoC) architecture, ensuring efficient and reliable communication. These algorithms are responsible for determining optimal data transmission paths while addressing key challenges such as congestion, latency, and resource utilization. Given the high density of interconnections in NoC-based systems, an effective routing strategy is essential to minimize communication interference, reduce power consumption, and enhance overall data transfer efficiency. By optimizing these factors, routing algorithms contribute significantly to improving system performance, increasing energy efficiency, and ensuring seamless on-chip communication. These algorithms play a pivotal role in enhancing the overall system performance and optimizing the efficiency of various on-chip components. In Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures, incorporating global congestion awareness into the routing decision-making process is crucial for selecting the most efficient path to the destination. In this study, a novel communication subsystem is introduced to facilitate the acquisition of global congestion information, alongside the development of an intelligent routing algorithm that utilizes both local and global congestion data to optimize path selection. The proposed approach aims to improve system performance by enhancing throughput and reducing latency. Simulation and evaluation results obtained using the Noxim simulator demonstrate the superior efficiency of the proposed method compared to existing routing algorithms, highlighting its effectiveness in optimizing data transmission and network reliability.

CYBER THREATS ANALYSIS IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Ali Rafiei Taghanaki — 2025-04-15

The present study aims to analyze cyber threats in the Internet of Things (IoT). A descriptive-analytical methodology based on library resources is used in this research. IoT security is a multidimensional subject requiring comprehensive solutions and coordination between manufacturers, policymakers, and users. Through more collaboration in this field, it is possible to transform IoT into a sustainable and secure ecosystem. Although IoT security challenges still exist, with collaborative efforts, we can turn it into a source of wealth to improve lives. Due to the resource limitations of IoT devices, it is difficult to implement strong security protocols. To solve this challenge, various security strategies should be employed, such as lightweight security protocols. The design of cryptographic algorithms compatible with the hardware and resource limitations of IoT devices should be considered by manufacturers.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT SIMPLIFICATION METHOD FOR 2D AND 3D HYBRID MESHES IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS APPLICATIONS

Kamyar Safari — 2025-04-15

In the preprocessing stages of the computer graphical software. The Meshes are used to approximate and describe the models. These Meshes follow specific structures and they are made up of various elements. In many applications, there is no need to use massive and very detailed meshes. To simplify meshes, some methods are used which are known as coarsening methods. These methods simplify a mesh in such a way as to has the most similarity to the original shape. However, degradation of the mesh must be kept to a minimum and the structure should be maintained as much as possible. The objective includes creating a method for coarsening 2- and 3-dimensional hybrid meshes with acceptable accuracy; providing an appropriate platform for conducting research on hybrid meshes; reducing the final size of the designed meshes for rendering operations; accelerate the transfer of meshes on the network platform; increasing network data transfer speeds because of the mesh size reduction; facilitation and acceleration of convergence in solving equations of calculating external flows by simplifying the computational meshes.

REVIEW OF SOUTH AFRICA’S COMPLAINT REGARDING ISRAEL’S GENOCIDE IN GAZA

Zahra Mirnami — 2025-04-15

Genocide is one of the most serious and complex international crimes, referring to actions aimed at the complete or partial destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. This concept is particularly defined under the 1948 United Nations Convention and includes four specific types of acts: killing members of a group, causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of a group, deliberately inflicting living conditions calculated to destroy a group, and imposing measures to prevent births within a group. South Africa’s complaint against Israel on charges of genocide in Gaza has been raised in response to ongoing human rights violations in this critical region. This complaint is not only viewed as an effort to draw global attention to the humanitarian situation in Gaza but also reflects South Africa’s commitment to human rights and social justice. Given numerous reports from international organizations regarding human rights violations in Gaza, this research examines South Africa’s complaint and its impact on international diplomacy and the human rights situation in the region.