TMP Universal Journal of Research and Review Archives

EVALUATION OF SERUM Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), BILIRUBIN, CALCIUM, AND PHOSPHORUS Levels IN COMMON BILE DUCT LIGATION IN RATS

2026-09-04T05:45:29+00:00

The present study aimed at investigating serum Alkaline phosphatase( ALP) , Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT). Bilirubin, Calcium, and Phosphorus levels in common bile duct ligation in rats. In this study, 42 wistar rats 250±30 (g) were randomly divided into 6 equal groups. Each of the groups consisted of 7 rats. Groups 1 and 2 served as control and sham rats, respectively. Other four groups were regarded as treatment groups. In the treatment group, anesthetizing with Ketamin (50 mg/kg) and Xylazine (5 mg/kg), common bile duct ligated with silk suture 3-0 after ventral midline celiotomy. Blood samples were taken from groups 1-4 respectively after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. At the end of the first week, after surgery, blood samples were also taken from the control and sham groups. The activities of Aspartate Aminotransferas (AST), Alanin Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Bilirubin were increased while calcium and phosphorus content were decreased. Therefore, acute common bile duct obstruction was determined to cause hepatopathy in rat liver.

EFFECTIVENESS OF MINDFULNESS-BASED STRESS REDUCTION TRAINING ON THE QUALITY OF NURSES' WORK LIFE

2026-09-04T05:33:53+00:00

Introduction: The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on the quality of nurses' work life.

Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with two groups (an experimental and a control group). The statistical population includes all nurses working at Tabriz International Hospital in 2022. For this purpose, 30 nurses who met the study's inclusion criteria were selected from among those working at Tabriz International Hospital using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (15 participants) and control (15 participants). Both groups completed the Mazlak and Jackson (1981) job burnout questionnaire as a pre-test and post-test. The experimental group underwent mindfulness-based stress reduction training as described by Kabat-Zinn (2005), and the control group received no intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance.

Findings: The results of the study show that mindfulness-based stress reduction training has a significant effect on the components of quality of work life, including fair and adequate pay, a safe and healthy work environment, development of human capabilities, provision of opportunities for growth and continuous security, unity and social cohesion in the organization, legality in the organization, general living environment, and social dependence (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Mindfulness-based stress reduction can be effective in addressing psychological and cognitive problems among nurses.

Global Five-Continent Optimization of Personalized Nutrition and Exercise in Parkinson’s Disease Using Open-Access Data, Genetic Algorithms, and Fuzzy Logic

2026-09-08T13:19:28+00:00

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder in which nutritional status, physical activity, demographic characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, and genetic factors may contribute to differences in disease burden and intervention requirements. Conventional approaches generally provide standardized recommendations and may not adequately reflect geographical and population-level heterogeneity.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a computational framework for optimizing personalized nutrition and exercise profiles for Parkinson’s disease across five continents using open-access global datasets, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithm optimization.

Methods: A retrospective computational framework covering the period from 1990 to 2026 was designed using freely accessible data on Parkinson’s disease burden, nutrition, physical activity, demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and population genetics. Data were harmonized according to country, year, demographic structure, and measurement units. Nutritional and physical activity indicators were standardized and incorporated into a fuzzy inference system. Genetic information was used at the population level for genetic stratification rather than individual clinical prediction. A genetic algorithm was subsequently applied to optimize combinations of nutritional and exercise parameters using a multi-objective fitness function incorporating nutritional adequacy, exercise suitability, feasibility, safety, population compatibility, and risk reduction. Sensitivity analysis and repeated optimization runs were used to assess model stability.

Results: The proposed framework demonstrated substantial geographical heterogeneity in nutritional profiles, physical inactivity, Parkinson’s disease burden, and optimization scores. The illustrative optimization results showed overall scores of 0.781 for Africa, 0.816 for Asia, 0.854 for Europe, 0.839 for the Americas, and 0.872 for Oceania. The fuzzy inference system generated graded intervention priorities rather than binary classifications, while the genetic algorithm progressively improved candidate solutions across generations. Multi-objective optimization produced several Pareto-optimal nutrition–exercise profiles, indicating that a single universal intervention may not be appropriate for all populations.

Conclusion: The integration of open-access global data, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms provides a potentially reproducible computational framework for geographically adaptive nutrition and exercise optimization in Parkinson’s disease. The proposed approach may support hypothesis generation and decision-support research by integrating multiple sources of heterogeneity within a unified model. However, computationally optimized profiles should not be interpreted as clinical prescriptions or evidence of therapeutic efficacy. Prospective clinical validation using individual-level nutritional, functional, clinical, and genetic data is required before implementation in patient care.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE EFFECTS OF VOLUME FRACTION AND NANOPARTICLE DIAMETER ONNANOFLUID HEAT TRANSFER IN A MICRO HEAT PIPE USING CFD

2026-09-04T05:47:11+00:00

In this study, the heat transfer of nanofluid convection in a micro heat pipe has been comprehensively investigated numerically using ANSYS Fluent software. The simulation was performed based on the finite volume method and considering turbulent flow, and the effect of two key parameters, including the volume percentage of nanoparticles and the diameter of nanoparticles on the temperature field, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number, was analyzed. The validation of the numerical model with reliable data available in the literature indicates the high accuracy of the simulation results. The results showed that increasing the volume percentage of nanofluid causes a significant decrease in the wall surface temperature, a more uniform temperature distribution, and a significant increase in the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. Also, decreasing the diameter of the nanoparticle plays a significant role in enhancing heat transfer due to the increase in specific surface area and intensification of Brownian motion. Analysis of temperature contours and thermal profiles showed that nanofluid causes thinning of the thermal boundary layer and an increase in the temperature gradient in the vicinity of the wall. On the other hand, an excessive increase in the volume fraction leads to increased viscosity and pressure drop, making an optimal range necessary. The results of this study confirm that nanofluids can be used as an efficient solution to improve the thermal performance of micro-exchangers and compact cooling systems. These achievements have wide applications in cooling of electronic equipment, energy systems, micro-heat exchangers, and advanced technologies.

CONCEPTS AND FUNDAMENTALS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION MANAGEMENT AND BURNOUT

2026-09-04T05:43:28+00:00

The present study aims to investigate the concepts and fundamentals of conflict resolution management and burnout. The research method is literature review and uses library resources. Studies have shown that conflict, as an inherent characteristic of any organization, occurs when individuals or groups have conflicting goals, values, or needs. Conflict management styles include behavioral and mental patterns that individuals use to deal with interpersonal conflicts. On the other hand, the importance of burnout is determined by its relationship with a variety of undesirable organizational outcomes, such as conflict management, absenteeism, physical problems, such as cardiovascular disease, and psychological problems. Burnout is associated with negative physical and psychological outcomes for employees. A higher level of burnout predicts general pain in different parts of the body (such as the back and shoulders) and disability due to pain. Burnout has also been shown to predict long-term fatigue, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and even mortality. People who show high levels of burnout are more likely to suffer from anxiety. Depression is also more closely related to the fatigue dimension of burnout.

COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2026-09-07T09:34:43+00:00

Objective: Metformin, a drug with high solubility but low permeability, is commonly prescribed for managing Type 2 diabetes, especially among obese individuals. This study intends to conduct a comparative assessment of three different 500 mg Metformin hydrochloride brands available in the Mandsaur market. The evaluation includes dissolution, assay, and weight variation tests.

Methods: Dissolution, assay, and weight variation tests were performed in accordance with the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines. The dissolution tests utilized a 6.8 phosphate buffer.

Results: All three Metformin brands complied with USP specifications. The dissolution rates after 30 and 45 minutes varied from 72-78% and 88-96%, respectively. The percentage purity of all three brands of metformin hydrochloride was within the USP monograph standards (95-105%). Additionally, all tablets showed weight variation within the acceptable range (±5%) according to USP norms.

Conclusion: This study confirmed that all three brands of 500 mg Metformin hydrochloride tablets consistently met the quality standards set by the United States Pharmacopeia