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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2583-7214</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>TMP Universal Journal of Research and Review Archives</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2583-7214</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ms Ashvi Jain</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.69557/ujrra.v2i3.58</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>SIMULATION OF OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE ROBOTS</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bello</surname>
            <given-names>Mukhtar Ibrahim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Baballe</surname>
            <given-names>Muhammad Ahmad</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff-1">Department of computer science, School of Technology, Kano state polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria</aff>
      <aff id="aff-2">Department of computer engineering technology, School of Technology, Kano state polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-28">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2023 Muhammad Ahmad Baballe</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>
            This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
            <uri xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</uri>
          </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://tmp.twistingmemoirs.com/index.php/ujrra/article/view/58"/>
      <abstract>
        <p>The first function of the system is to detect the presence of obstacles. When the user activates the system using the power ON/OFF switch, the Arduino microcontroller will read the data. When the ultrasonic sensor detects the presence of an obstacle in the process of moving forward, the robot will move backward. If the robot does not sense any obstacle, that is, if the distance between an obstacle and it is wide, it will then move forward again until it senses an obstacle before it stops. C programming is used for Arduino board applications to develop the program for the whole system's operation. There are three light-emitting diodes; the first one shows the amount of charge in the batteries, while the remaining two show that if the robot is moving forward, one of the two LEDs will be on, and if it is moving backward, one of the LEDs will also be on. There is also a power source unit that is used to charge the batteries used in the system.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Simulation</kwd>
        <kwd>Arduino Uno</kwd>
        <kwd>Ultrasonic sensor</kwd>
        <kwd>Robots</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>