<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2583-7214</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>TMP Universal Journal of Research and Review Archives</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2583-7214</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ms Ashvi Jain</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGE  DETECTION BY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS  TECHNIQUES IN 20 YEARS (1997_2000) IN MAZANDARAN,  IRAN </article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Farashi</surname>
            <given-names>Azita</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alavipanah</surname>
            <given-names>Seyed Kazem</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff-1">Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</aff>
      <aff id="aff-2">Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-04">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>
            This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
            <uri xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</uri>
          </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://tmp.twistingmemoirs.com/index.php/ujrra/article/view/231"/>
      <abstract>
        <p>Satellite imageries provide a low-cost and up-to-date spatial database that can be used to derive useful information for landscape ecologists, policymakers, and scientists. A similar attempt has been made in this study, using open-source data and tools to define some of the environmental impacts due to LULC in Northern Iran. This study aims at measuring and assessing the hot spot areas, which are in direct as well as indirect consequences due to LULC change, therefore, providing a quantitative impact assessment approach. Two methodologies were adopted for this study. Supervised classification technique and Index integrated method. Both classification techniques are based on the spectral reflectance of the land cover, however, the former is composite classification and it is highly dependent on the number of sampling or pixel training involved. Despite many factors controlling the selection of suitable change detection approach from wide-ranging methods, the used approach in the present study proved very effective in fulfilling the objectives with successful implementation. To sum up, the present study shows great potential for decision makers to generate accurate LULC change detection by exploiting various sources of RS and techniques towards successful implementation of sustainable development, natural resource management, and safe land use planning.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Land Use</kwd>
        <kwd>Land Cover</kwd>
        <kwd>Remote Sensing</kwd>
        <kwd>GIS Techniques</kwd>
        <kwd>Iran</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>