The coexistence of diverse ethnic groups—such as Persians, Turks, Kurds, Baluchis, Turkmens, Arabs, and Lors—within a single political geography highlights the cultural and ethnic diversity of Iranian society. Accordingly, this study aims to explore ethnic relations and their impact on the economic and social life of Takab County. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data from questionnaires (survey study) and qualitative insights from interviews (field study). This correlational study examines the relationships between various variables. The statistical population includes all male and female residents of Takab city, with a sample size of 381 individuals selected through Cochran's formula and stratified sampling. Data collection was conducted using a researcher-designed questionnaire, and the analysis was performed using SPSS software, applying Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and independent t-tests. Findings indicate a significant negative correlation between ethnic relations and ethnic convergence, alongside a significant positive correlation between ethnic relations and ethnic divergence. No significant difference was found between Turkish and Kurdish groups regarding their control over social and economic power centers. Additionally, there is a significant positive correlation between the influence of ethnic elites and ethnic relations, as well as between ethnic and social justice and ethnic divergence. The study also shows no significant relationship between increased ethnic fertility and the control of social and economic power centers. Lastly, a significant negative correlation exists between the rational actions of ethnic groups, relative deprivation, and the sense of ethnic injustice with ethnic convergence.