<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2583-7214</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>TMP Universal Journal of Research and Review Archives</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2583-7214</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ms Ashvi Jain</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.69557/ujrra.v4i2s.177</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING RIVER TOURISM ON THE ENVIRONMENT (CASE STUDY: PALANG DARREH RIVER, SHIRGAH)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Badpa</surname>
            <given-names>Reza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hosseinzadeh</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammad Mehdi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff-1">Department of Tourism, Faculty of Geography, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran</aff>
      <aff id="aff-2">NA</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>2s</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>
            This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, sharing, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
            <uri xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</uri>
          </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://tmp.twistingmemoirs.com/index.php/ujrra/article/view/177"/>
      <abstract>
        <p>“River tourism” has been called. Tourists visiting river environments have, in many cases, caused significant damage and destruction to these ecosystems, and the Palang Darreh area in Shirgah County is no exception. This study aims to investigate the environmental factors influencing river tourism in the Palang Darreh River area of Shirgah County. Savadkoh County, located in Mazandaran Province in the northern part of the Central Alborz region, has Shirgah City as its administrative center. The Palang Darreh Forest and River are among the most scenic natural attractions in Shirgah City, drawing considerable tourist attention. The study's statistical population consisted of 20 local managers and tourists who visited the area between April and September 2022. Since the exact size of the tourist population was unknown, a sample size of 384 tourists was calculated using the Morgan Table. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. Factor analysis revealed that infrastructure, economic, and policy factors were the top three influences, ranking first, second, and third, respectively.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>River tourism</kwd>
        <kwd>Environment</kwd>
        <kwd>Environmental factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Palang Darreh River of Shirgah</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>